| 摘要 |
A method and an apparatus for determining the exact direction of and distance to a nearby target well having a steel casing from a bore hole are disclosed. A long solenoid having a coil wound on a high permeability core for generating a source magnetic field which, in the absence of a target well, has axial symmetry and is characterized by having a magnetic pole at each end of the core is provided. Directly adjacent to one end of the core is a 3-component ring-type fluxgate magnetometer to detect magnetic field components perpendicular to the axis of the solenoid. The detection apparatus is located in a bore hole, and the magnetic field generated thereby is distorted when the solenoid approaches a target well. The magnetic field source is mounted in a drill stem which includes one or more nonmagnetic drill collars, the solenoid source being mounted so that its lower end is located within the nonmagnetic collar while the upper end is magnetically connected to the rest of the drill stem. Accordingly, the upper magnetic pole of the solenoid is distributed over a large portion of the drill stem so that the lower portion is, in effect, a monopole source. A ring-type magnetometer is mounted below the monopole source and is co-axial with the solenoid to detect field distortion caused by the target well, and the output of the magnetometer provides a measure of the direction and distance to the target well casing.
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