Prelithiated current collector and secondary lithium cells containing same

摘要

The present invention provides a battery or supercapacitor current collector which is prelithiated. The prelithiated current collector comprises: (a) an electrically conductive substrate having two opposed primary surfaces, and (b) a mixture layer of carbon (and/or other stabilizing element, such as B, Al, Ga, In, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi, Te, or a combination thereof) and lithium or lithium alloy coated on at least one of the primary surfaces, wherein lithium element is present in an amount of 1% to 99% by weight of the mixture layer. This current collector serves as an effective and safe lithium source for a wide variety of electrochemical energy storage cells, including the rechargeable lithium cell (e.g. lithium-metal, lithium-ion, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air, lithium-graphene, lithium-carbon, and lithium-carbon nanotube cell) and the lithium ion based supercapacitor cell (e.g, symmetric ultracapacitor, asymmetric ultracapacitor, hybrid supercapacitor-battery, or lithium-ion capacitor).

主权项

1. A lithium cell or electrochemical cell containing an anode current collector or cathode current collector, an anode active material layer, a cathode active material layer, a separator between said anode active material layer and said cathode active material layer, and electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode active material layer and cathode active material layer, wherein said anode current collector or cathode current collector is a prelithiated current collector, separate from said anode active material layer or cathode active material layer, comprising:
(a) an electrically conductive substrate having two opposed primary surfaces, and (b) a mixture layer of lithium or lithium alloy co-deposited with a lithium-stabilizing agent; said mixture layer being coated on at least one of said primary surfaces, wherein lithium element in said mixture layer is present in an amount of 1% to 99% by weight of the mixture layer and said mixture layer is air stable, not reacting with oxygen or moisture in the air; wherein said anode active material layer or cathode active material layer is a separate, discrete, continuous layer apart from said mixture layer and wherein said lithium cell contains no unstable lithium metal phase, no lithium metal particles, and no prelithiated anode active material when the lithium cell is made.