| 摘要 |
PURPOSE:To obtain sharp images by performing a process of uniformly forming a thin toner layer on the surface of a donor member by means of an applicator which is provided in proximity to or contact with the surface of said donor member and contains a toner carrier applied with voltage between the same and the donor member. CONSTITUTION:A nonmagnetic toner 12 is charged minus. On the other hand, the plus charge from a bias electric power source is implanted from a conductive base material 19 of a donor member 14 into its conductive rubber 18, and distributes in the surface of the rubber 18. As a result, the toner 12 is electrostatically attracted onto the surface of the rubber 18 of plus charge, and sticks uniformly on the surface of the rubber 18 on account of the electric field by the power source 15 toward a nonmagnetic material 17. The donor member may be made of laminated layers of condutive rubbers of relatively low resistance and relatively high resistance. |
