| 摘要 |
<p>Sulphuric acid refining (esp. for regenerating used oils or producing speciality oils or pure hydrocarbons) is carried out using additives which prevent the formation of acid resins or separate such acid resins into a resin phase and an acid phase. The acid resin (50-60 pts.wt.) is agitated at ambient temp. with 25-40 pts. wt. of a phenolic tar (I) and 10-25 pts. wt. H2O, and the mixt. is settled at 50-90 (pref. 65-70) degrees C to form an organic resin phase. Specifically, (I) is obtained during the extn. or distn. of phenol, boils in the 230-350 degrees C range, and has a solidification point of approx. 20 degrees C and a density of 1.10-1.25 g/cc at 20 degrees C. Alternatively the reaction mixt. formed during refining is agitated at 20-60 (pref. 20-40) degrees C with a solvent and/or H2O, and is then sepd. (pref. by agitation and/or heating at 40-100 degrees C) into a refined oil phase, a resin phase and an aq. H2SO4 phase. When a solvent and H2O are used, the solvent is pref. (I) or an acid resin and the H2SO4: solvent: H2O ratio is between 1:0.01-0.03 and 1:3.0:1.k (pref. between 1:0.02:0.5 and 1:2.5:1.2) when the solvent is an acid resin or between 1:0.01:0.3 and 1:2.0-1.5 (pref. between 1:0.02:0.05 and 1:1.5:1.2) when the solvent is (I) when H2O is used alone, the H2SO4:H2O ratio is 1:0.2-1.5 (pref. 1:0.4:1.2). Stated advantages include: use of cheap solvents which do not have to be recovered; possibility of continuous operation with total recycle of by-products; up to 50% redn. in oil losses; 2- to 3-fold increase in settling rates; the recovered acid phase can be used in superphosphate mfr.; resin by-products can be used for road making and/or as fuels.</p> |
