| 摘要 |
1,233,263. Steam generators. L. & C. STEINMULLER G.m.b.H. 9 May, 1968 [10 May, 1967], No. 21924/68. Heading F4A. In a method of starting-up or closing-down a heat exchanger, e.g. a steam generator comprising an inner wall 10 separating the heating and heated fluids in spaces 13, 15, the pressures of the two fluids are measured by gauges 12, 14, to give a measure of the mechanical stress on the wall 10 and the temperatures on the inner and outer faces 19, 17, are measured by devices 16, 18, to give a measure of the thermal stress on the wall 10. Knowing the designed maximum stress for the wall 10, it can be estimated whether the temperature of the heating fluid should be raised or lowered to avoid axceeding the permissible thermal stress for the existing mechanical stress. The control of the temperature of the heating fluid can be performed manually or automatically and the temperature and pressure differentials may be shown on the same instrument. In a modification the temperature gradient across the wall 10 is measured, rather than the temperature difference of the faces. |
