摘要 |
Nucleate boiling or ebullition in pool boiling applications is improved by the use of a heat transfer surface having dendrites or nodules electroplated onto the substrate. The nodules are formed by plating at high current densities, and may be further electroplated at lower current densities to strengthen and enlarge them. Also described are deforming techniques, such as cold-rolling, to flatten the ends of the nodules and strengthen them by work hardening. |