| 摘要 |
<p>Prodn. of alkayl halides (I) by reacting the corresp. alcohol (II) with H halide is carried out in the presence of a catalyst (III) of the formula (MR4)+X- (in which M is N or P. The R gps. independently are 1-30C alkyl or (substd.) aromatic gps. X is an (in)organic acid anion) at a press. up to 15, pref. 5-12 at.g., using aq. H halide with a concn. of min. 15, pref. 20-37%. (II) is CnH2n+1OH (in which n = 4-20). Reaction is carried out with 0101-0.5, pref. 0.1-0.2 epuiv. (III) wrt. (II) and 2-5 mole H halide/mole (II) at 100-200, pref. 120-150 degrees C. E.g. dodecyl chloride was prepd. from dodecan-1-ol and 37% aq. HCl in the presence of dioctyldimethylammonium chloride at 150 degrees C and 12 at.g. The reaction time is reduced and almost quantitative conversion of (II) is achieved, so that difficulties is sepg. (I) and (II), esp. the longer chain cpds., are avoided.</p> |
