| 摘要 |
The present invention is directed toward methods of making hierarchically-ordered complex structures and composites thereof. Such structures are generally ordered on multiple length scales. Typically, at least one length scale comprises mesoscale dimensionality. Such methods generally utilize an organized, directionally-oriented combination of multiple fields to fabricate such structures and articles of manufacture made by the above-described methods, and in applications using such articles manufactured by the above-described process. The present invention is also directed toward novel composites, structures, and articles of manufacture made by the above-described processes. In some embodiments, such structures are composites of two or more such hierarchically-ordered complex substructures. In additional or other embodiments, such hierarchically-ordered complex substructures are combined, or integrated into, other structures that would not be considered hierarchically-ordered complex structures taken separately.
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