| 摘要 |
A heating element comprises a layer of carbon-based electrically conductive ink 12 on an electrically insulating substrate panel 13 and which forms part of an electric circuit between electrodes (23, figure 1), wherein the dimensions of the panel 13 and the volume, conductivity and thickness of the ink are such that the heater emits 200-1200 watts per square meter when a mains voltage is applied. The ink 12 may contain graphene. The heating element may be configured as a ceiling heating panel (figure 4), floor heating panel (figure 5) or wallpaper (figure 6). Also disclosed is a heater comprising a stack of two or more panels 17 with a gap 18 in between the panels. The gap may be profiled to have a venturi effect encouraging airflow to carry heat away by convection. At least one face of the heater may have a compartment (31, figure 3) containing a phase change material that can melt while the heater is on, for release when off. The heater may be wall mounted and have an insulating layer, which may be aerogel and/or reflective microbeads, on the face against the wall. |
