Grounded Film Type Heater

摘要

The invention provides a film-type heater with improved stability having an upper component comprising a first outer covering and a first intermediate layer; a lower component comprising a second outer covering and a second intermediate layer; and at least one carbon containing heating element attached to means for applying electrical current which is disposed between said upper component and said lower component wherein the heater further includes an electrical grounding element comprising a carbon containing conductor disposed between said carbon containing heating element and at least one of said upper component or lower component.