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摘要

Lubricating oils include, as an additive providing stability, anti-sludge, wear-inhibiting, corrosion-inhibiting and detergent properties a minor proportion of a sulphonic acid salt of a succinimide base of the formula wherein R is a C20- 500 polymerized alkylene or arylalkylene group and X is the residue, after the removal of a primary amino group, of an alkylene or arylene polyamine containing at least one primary amino group. In a modification, the additive may comprise a mixture of the salt together with the parent succinimide base. The sulphonic acid component of the salt may be aryl, alkylaryl or alkyl sulphonic acid or a sulphonation product of petroleum or aromatic extracts from lubricating oil or kerosene. The lubricating oil used may be a mineral oil, e.g. that obtained from a paraffinic and/or naphthenic crude, optionally blended with fatty oils and/or synthetic lubricating oils. The latter (unspecified) may be used as the sole lubricating oil. Other ingredients may also be included, e.g. alkylphenols, arylamines, dialkyl sulphides, phosphite, phosphate and phosphonate esters and salts and their thio-derivatives, P2S5-terpene reaction products and alkali metal salts thereof.ALSO:Oil soluble compounds suitable as lubricant additives comprise salts of an organic sulphonic acid and a succinimide of the general formula wherein R is a C20- 500 polymerized alkylene or arylalkylene group and X is the residue, after the removal of a primary amino group, of an alkylene or arylene polyamine containing at least one primary amino group. The basic component of the salt may be prepared by heating maleic anhydride with a polymer or copolymer of an alkylene and/or arylalkylene, e.g. polypropylene, polybutene, ethylene-isobutylene copolymer or ethylene-a -methylstyrene copolymer, so as to mono-alkylate the anhydride, and heating the substituted succinic anhydride so obtained with an appropriate polyamine, of which many examples are given, the preferred ones being tetraethylenepentamine, diethylamino-propylamine and dimethylamino-propylamine. The polymer base is then converted to the sulphonate salt form, for example by adding a sulphonic acid to a solution or suspension of the base in a suitable liquid medium or by adding the acid to a melt of the polymer base; not all the base need be neutralized by the sulphonic acid, for example only 10 to 50% by weight of the mixture need be in salt form. Sulphonic acids exemplified are benzene-, alkylbenzene-, naphthalene-, alkylnaphthalene-, naphthol-, alkyl-sulphonic acids and the sulphonation products of petroleum fractions and aromatic extracts from lubricating oil fractions or kerosene.