| 摘要 |
A method is provided for forming zeolite membranes in internal surfaces of a plurality of conduits in a cylindrical porous ceramic monolith, the conduits extending from one end of the monolith to the other and being disposed in a single annulus, said method including a step of: flowing a pre-treatment liquid (50) including a zeolite initiating agent into the conduits; causing at least part of a carrier liquid component of the treatment liquid to flow from the FIG. 4 conduits into and through the body of the monolith to the exterior; and causing zeolite crystals to be deposited in the porous internal surfaces of the conduits as the carrier liquid component flows into the monolith. The substrates may be pre-conditioned for membrane formation by a method which comprises: (a) forming an aqueous suspension of zeolite particles; and (b) passing the suspension alternately (i) through the tubular conduits and (ii) out through the walls of the tubular conduits so as to deposit zeolite particles on the porous inner surfaces of the tubular conduits; wherein the porous substrates are treated in chambers (62) arranged e.g annularly and the suspension is supplied to the chambers from a first common manifold (58) via respective delivery tubes and is recovered via recovery tubes leading to a second common manifold (66), the first and second manifolds and the supply and recovery tubes being configured so that the branch path to and from each chamber is substantially the same. After pre-conditioning, formation of membranes may be by depositing or crystallising a zeolite membrane on the zeolite particles by gel crystallization. A membrane structure is also provided which comprises a tubular porous ceramic monolith having tubular conduits each having an internal diameter of 5 to 9 mm formed within the monolith with a zeolite membrane formed on the internal surface of each of the conduits, wherein either there are five or more conduits disposed in a singe annulus. The invention also provides methods for removal of water from organic liquids salts or other contaminants and methods for the purification of water using the above membrane structures e.g. to remove residual water from ethanol or butanol or to produce high purity water.
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