A PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

摘要

A photovoltaic cell comprising: a solar radiation facing photovoltaic surface for receiving concentrated incident solar radiation; a plurality of conductive regions having at least light reflective surface portions, the conductive regions deposited in at least an upper section thereof by metal vapour deposition on the solar radiation facing surface; and a transparent upper layer encapsulating the solar radiation facing surface and conductive regions; the conductive regions and upper layer being shaped and arranged such that sufficient incident radiation reflected off the light reflective surface portions is directed by total internal reflection onto the photovoltaic surface such that in operation electric power produced by the photovoltaic cell is increased by at least 3 percent relative to electric power produced by a corresponding photovoltaic cell without the transparent upper layer.