| 摘要 |
A toner image carrying member can be rotationally driven, and a plurality of grooves are formed on an outer peripheral surfaces of the toner image carrying member, the plurality of grooves extending along a rotation direction of the toner image carrying member and arranged in an orthogonal direction perpendicular to the rotation direction, and the configuration of the outer peripheral surface of the toner image carrying member in the orthogonal direction is a periodic uneven-configuration. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing the toner image carrying member and an electrophotographic apparatus having the toner image carrying member.
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