| 摘要 |
A very high efficiency, high speed radial inflow hydraulic turbine driven axial flow supercharger compressor for discharging compressed air directly into the inlet of a standard turbocharger supplying a very high pressure ratio compressed air to an internal combustion engine. A hydraulic fluid pump driven by the engine provides high pressure hydraulic fluid to drive the hydraulic turbine. All embodiments include features to prevent foaming of hydraulic fluid at the intake of the hydraulic fluid pump. A preferred embodiment includes a single-stage supercharger configuration combined with standard turbocharger that can produce a combined total pressure ratio up to 4.75. The supercharger in a two-stage configuration, combined with a standard turbocharger can produce total pressure ratio up to 5.5. Choice of using a single-stage or a two-stage supercharger compressor would depend on boost requirement of the particular engine. In the preferred embodiments pressurized hydraulic fluid driving the hydraulic turbine is provided by an engine-driven pump or by an engine-driven pump combined with a high-pressure hydraulic fluid accumulator charged by the engine driven pump. During typical "stop and go" driving situations, the accumulator is charged by the engine-driven pump using energy of decelerating vehicle whenever possible, thus improving the fuel economy of the vehicle. In a preferred embodiment, when the hydraulic turbine is not needed because sufficient air is provided by turbocharger alone, a hydraulic bypass valve is opened by a controller unloading the hydraulic pump in sequence with opening the clutch and disconnecting the pump from the engine drive. When the hydraulic turbine is needed to drive the compressor, the controller connect the clutch first and then sequentially starts closing the bypass valve to produce required amount of boost to the engine. Each of several preferred embodiments utilize a plastic-metal turbine wheel (similar to the turbine wheel described in Applicant's '286 patent in which the plastic portion of the wheel other than the blades is solidly anchored within a metal containing wheel. The superchargers provided by the present invention produce immediate response to engine demand for increased combustion air and re-circulated combustion gases and will dramatically reduce emission of particulate matter and nitrous oxides during steady state driving and especially during low speed acceleration of bus and truck diesel engines.
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