| 摘要 |
Chemically, the structural formulas of monoamine neurotransmitters adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin are related to the mode of altering monoaminerigc function during early development by clomipramine, desipramine, nomifensine, propranolol, and zimelidine. These substances used in a series of experiments share one methyl-amine -moiety; two methyl-amine moieties in propranolol produce in experimental animals the same kind of alteration in sleep-waking cycles during a period which can be considered in human life to correspond physiologically with the last two intrauterine and first four postnatal months of human babies. During later life these five early postnatal exposures cause behaviour like attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity during a period which corresponds with human childhood, and lengthened immobility time in Porsolt's swim test, and many other human depression like behaviours in many tests of behavioural responsiveness, and increased voluntary alcohol intake and responses to test doses of alcohol not different from human excessive alcohol intake and alcoholism during adulthood. Methyl-amine derivatives can be used to cancel or modify the combined postsynaptic and hormonal pathophysiologically and pathogenetically altered influences of adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin neurons to thus heal the hyperactivity in childhood attention deficit disorder, to heal depression in adulthood, and to alleviate or heal alcoholism in adulthood by administering these methyl-amine derivatives during the last two intrauterine and first four postnatal months.
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