VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON ALDEHYDEN DURCH HYDROFORMYLIERUNG

摘要

Preparation of aldehydes (I) comprises reacting a 3-5 carbon (C) olefinically unsaturated compound (II) with hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) at 20-170 degrees C and 1-300 bar in the presence of an aqueous phase containing rhodium (Rh) and sulphonated triarylphosphine as catalyst and 1-35 wt.% optionally mono- or di-etherified tri- or polyethylene glycol of formula (III) R(OCH2CH2)nOR<1> (III) where R = H or 1-4 C (hydroxy)alkyl; R<1> = H or methyl (Me); and n = 3-50. (II) is a 3-5 C aliphatic olefin, especially an alpha -olefin. The triarylphosphine is of formula (IV), (V) or (VI); in which Ar<1>, Ar<2>, Ar<3> = phenyl or naphthyl; M = an alkali metal, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, one half alkaline earth or one half zinc ion; m1-m6 = 0 or 1; the number of SO3M groups is 3-6 in (V) and 4-8 in (VI). (IV) especially is a tri-sulphonated triphenylphosphine, more especially tri-sodium tri(m-sulphophenyl)phosphine (Na-TPPTS). The molar ratio of Rh to (IV) is 1:(10-1000), especially 1:(50-200); and of Rh to (V) or (VI) 1:(5-100), especially 1:(5-50), more especially 1:(8-15) The aqueous phase contains (IV) and 100-1000, especially 200-500, more especially 300-400 ppm Rh; or (V) or (VI) and 20-500, especially 30-150, more especially 40-100 ppm Rh. The (III) concentration is 1-15, especially 3-10 wt.% with propene, 5-25, especially 8-20 wt.% with butene and 5-35, especially 8-30 wt.% with pentene. Reaction is carried out at 50-150, especially 100-140 degrees C and 20-150, especially 30-80 bar.