This invention provides a solution to increase the yield strength and fatigue strength of miniaturized springs (507), which can be fabricated in arrays with ultra-small pitches. It also discloses a solution to minimize adhesion of the contact pad materials to the spring tips upon repeated contacts without affecting the reliability of the miniaturized springs (507). In addition, the invention also presents a method to fabricate the springs (507) that allow passage of relatively higher current without significantly degrading their lifetime.
