| 摘要 |
The present invention identifies nucleic acids that are differentially expressed in cells exposed to various toxicants, including a common group whose expression is modulated by toxicants that act by differing mechanisms. The nucleic acids so identified and their corresponding protein products hav e utility as markers for specific and general cytotoxic responses. Utilizing t he identified nucleic acids, the invention further provides screening methods t o identify and characterize toxicants, screens for identifying antidotes to particular toxiciants and diagnostic methods for detecting toxic responses. The identified nucleic acids and their corresponding gene products also serv e as targets for various therapeutics designed to alleviate toxic responses.</ SDOAB>
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