Control systems for electric motors

摘要

1,136,050. Control of D.C. motors; rectifying. GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. 15 July, 1966 [7 Oct., 1965], No. 31985/66. Headings H2F and H2J. The dead band of a phase control rectification system for a reversible D.C. motor is reduced and crossfire between phases is prevented by supplying the motor at zero speed with A.C. pulses of a magnitude slightly less than that to cause the motor to turn. Lockout circuits are then connected with the rectification system to produce a regenerative feedback path between the output and input of the system within the dead band region. The speed and direction of motor 11 are controlled by varying the magnitude and polarity of the voltage supplied by silicon controlled rectifiers 4-9 connected in back-to-back paired relationship in the threephase supply-lines. Servo amplifier 14 develops an error signal representing the deviation between the actual and desired positions of the load, this signal being delivered to triggering circuits 15, 16. Crossfire is prevented by resistor 13 which develops a voltage indicating the direction of motor current. This voltage is sensed by level detectors 17, 18, which deliver an inhibiting signal to the triggering circuits for the rectifiers which are not supposed to be conducting. When a positive potential is present at terminal 12 in excess of a threshold value, a Schmitt trigger circuit, forming part of a detector 18, renders a transistor conductive whereby a negative signal is applied to terminal 36. The trigger circuit 16 comprises a capacitor which has a constant-current charging circuit and is discharged through a unijunction transistor and a pulse transformer to cause the rectifiers 5, 7, 9 to conduct at an instant determined by the error signal applied to terminal 41. When the detector 18 presents a lowimpedance path to the terminal 36, the capacitor is discharged away from the pulse transformer, thereby inhibiting conduction of the rectifiers. The voltage level detector 17 is similar to the detector 18 and responds to negative potentials below a threshold value to prevent the firing circuit 15 from rendering the rectifiers 4, 6, 8 conductive. With the inhibiting circuits inoperative, the firing circuits are adjusted so that each rectifier conducts to supply A.C. to the motor, each half-cycle being slightly below that needed to yield a break-away torque. By connecting the inhibiting circuits, the motor is supplied with positive or negative pulses depending upon the polarity of the input signal. This is due to the fact that small changes in the input signal in one direction increases the motor current in that direction and tends to prevent conduction of the rectifiers poled in the opposite direction. This effect is accumulative and continues until only the desired set of rectifiers is conductive and the opposite set is completely inhibited.