| 摘要 |
Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: wherein R1 is independently H or a C1 to C22 alkyl, R2 is C6 to C22 alkyl and R3 is D1-R4-D1 or R4-D1-R4 wherein R4 is independently a C1-C10 alkyl group, -O-R5-O-, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D1 is independently -O-, an amide group [-C(O)N(R6)-], an amino group [-N(R6)-], -O-R5-O-, or aryl. (EO)a(PO)b is a polyether group and Z is a C1-C4 alkyl, or an alkylaryl or hydrogen wherein EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals, PO represents propyleneoxy radicals, a and b are numbers of from 0 to 100, a is preferably from about 0 to about 30 and b is preferably from about 0 to 10, wherein a plus b is at least one, and the EO and PO alkyl or alkylaryl.
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