Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their production and use

摘要

Succinimides, succinic esters, and succinic ester-amides are formed by (A) reacting (i) at least one substantially aliphatic polymer of at least one lower olefin, and (ii) an acidic reactant or a mixture of two or more acidic reactants represented by the general formula R-CO-CH=CH-CO-R' wherein R and R' are independently -OH, -O-lower alkyl, a halogen atom, or taken together are a single oxygen atom; the process being characterized in that: a) the substantially aliphatic polymer is comprised predominantly or entirely of polyisobutene, at least 50% of the polyisobutene content of such polymer having an end group represented by the formula b) the mole ratio of said acidic reactant(s):said polymer(s) is at least 1:1; c) the reaction mixture is maintained under superatmospheric pressure during at least a substantial portion of the reaction period; and d) said acylating agent is characterized by having an average total tar rating as determined by the method described in the specification hereof that is at least 25% lower than the average total tar rating of a corresponding product made in the same way under the same reaction conditions using a polyisobutene containing up to 10% of the above-depicted end group; and (B) reacting such acylating agent with at least one alcohol (preferably a polyhydric alcohol) or amine (preferably a polyamine having at least one primary amino group).