A MODIFIED STAGED TURBULENT BED PROCESS FOR RETORTING OIL SHALE, OIL SAND, TARSAND AND BITUMINOUS ROCK

摘要

A process for retorting a carbon containing solid, especially oil shale, comprises passing heat transfer particles and raw particles of carbon containing solid downwardly through a fluidized retort zone containing a plurality of baffles to prevent gross vertical backmixing. The heated solid particles and heat transfer particles are then passed to a moving packed bed retort to pyrolyze the carbon containing solid particles.