| 摘要 |
1,125,932. Gyroscopes, turn; sensitive devices. R.E. BOWLES. Jan. 11, 1963 [Jan. 12, 1962], No.1475/63. Heading G1C. A gyroscopic device comprises a hollow, approximately spherical or spheroidal body 1, an inlet 6 for introducing a liquid stream tangentially into the interior of the body 1 in the plane of a great circle thereof, diametrically opposed liquid outlets 7, 8 coaxial with a first axis (Y-axis) perpendicular to and passing through the centre of the plane of the great circle, and means for sensing precession of the liquid upon rotation of the body 1 about an axis at an angle to the first or Y-axis. The hollow body 1 operates as a fluid vortex amplifier and as a result the liquid within the body 1, particularly that along the vertical centre line of the device rotates at a rapid rate. In consequence, if the device is rotated about an axis in the great circle of the body 1 and passing through the centres of a pair of diametrically opposed mounting brackets 2, 3 (X-axis, Fig. 1), the liquid within the body 1 is caused to precess in a plane perpendicular to the force producing rotation of the body 1 and including the X-axis. As a result, there is developed a differential in pressure at locations in this plane on opposite sides of the pipe 8 (or the pipe 7) and in order to measure this processional force, a pair of pressure sensing pipes 9, 11 are let into the interior of the body 1. The pipes 9, 11 are disposed along the intersection of the X-Y plane with the body 1. If the body 1 is rotated about the X-axis, the liquid precesses in the X-Y plane and a pressure differential is developed between the pipes 9, 11. By employing appropriate differential measuring apparatus, this may be interpreted as the degree and sense of rotation of the body 1 about the X- axis. Rotation of the body 1 about the Z-axis produces a precessional force in the Z-Y plane and, in order to measure this effect, there are provided opposed pressure sensing pipes 12, 13. In order for the device to serve as a practical position measuring device, the liquid must have a memory of its position prior to a change in that of the body 1, and must tend to maintain this position. The device is intended, under normal operating circumstances, to maintain a specific position of a vehicle relative to its X- and Z-axes and if the device rotates, a correction must be introduced into the control system of the vehicle to cause it to return to its initial position. The correction signal from the device must persist sufficiently long to correct the position of the vehicle. By locating the pressure sensing pipes 9, 11, 12 and 13 at 45 degree angles relative to the great circle of the body 1, the effects of turbulence and alteration of the flow patterns produced by movement of the inlet and outlet pipes have the smallest possible immediate effect at the sensing positions. The memory interval is then primarily a function of the transit time of the liquid from the inlet 6 to the region of the pipes 9, 11, 12 and 13. By making the body 1 of sufficient size, this transit time may be made sufficient to permit a control signal to persist for the time required to complete reorientation of the vehicle relative to the axis or axes about which it has rotated. The liquid entering the body 1 after a change in its position establishes a mass of rotating liquid having a velocity distribution different from that present before the change in position and turbulence develops at the interface between the two masses of liquid, particularly if the body 1 is a true sphere. However, if one of the axes of the body 1 is elongated or shortened relative to the other axes by a factor of 5% or more, the effects of this turbulence are sufficiently small that memory may be retained for the time required to effect correction. A 5% elongation or contraction along the Y-axis is insufficient to cause appreciable restraint of the liquid and the device therefore operates as a position, rather than a rate, gyro. A system for measuring and indicating the rotation of a vehicle relative to those of its axes aligned with the X- and Z-axes of the device, using two fluid amplifiers of the type disclosed in Specification 970, 985, is described Fig. 7 (not shown). The signals produced in this system may be employed directly in a control system. It is normally desirable in a missile, aircraft, submarine, surface vessel or other vehicle to employ a control signal containing both rate and position information and in this respect a differentiating circuit may be used in combination with the above system to produce the necessary rate signals. Alternatively, a device for directly measuring the rate of rotation may be used. It is preferable, however, in order to provide complete compatibility of measuring and control systems, to employ a fluid vortex rate measuring device of the type described in Specification 1, 125, 931. |
