| 摘要 |
1. An antenna source for transmission and reception of microwaves comprising a transducer for separating transmitting and receiving signals with different frequencies, characterized in that the transducer comprises a wave guide (26) with square section, one end of which is connected a radiating element, the other is connected to an emission channel, wherein the emission channel comprises a wave guide of circular section, which terminates inside the guide wave (26) with square section. 2. An antenna source for transmission and reception of microwaves comprising a transducer for separating transmitting and receiving signals with different frequencies, characterized in that the transducer (24) comprises a wave guide having edges or corrugations, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, wherein one end of the wave guide is connected a radiating element and the other is connected to an emission channel via the wave guide with circular section, which terminates inside the wave guide. 3. An antenna source of Claim 1, characterized in that the wave guide of the transducer (24) having edges or corrugations is of circular section. 4. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that lateral faces of the wave guide (26) of the transducer are designed for transmitting of the received signals. 5. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that the receiving channel comprises wave guides connected to the lateral faces of the transducer (24) through apertures or slits, elongated transversely in the direction of wave propagation. 6. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that emitting channel is connected to the wave guide (26) of the transducer (24) through filtering means (102, 108), which pass signals with emitting frequencies and reflects signals with receiving frequencies. 7. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that the wave guide of the emitting channel comprises an iris in the form of a double slit (104, 106), arranged inside the wave guide (26) of the transducer (24). 8. An antenna source of Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the filtering means comprise a collar, arranged inside the wave guide (26) of the transducer (24). 9. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that the connection of the transducer to the radiating element of the antenna is designed so that maintains polarization of the received signal through the radiating element and a signal, emitted in the direction of the radiating element. 10. An antenna source of Claim 9, characterized in that two lateral opposite faces (52, 56) of the wave guide (26) of the transducer (24) are connected to inputs of summator (90) in the form of "magic T", wherein two other lateral opposite faces (54, 58) of the wave guide of the transducer (54) are connected to the inputs of a second summator (90) in the form of "magic T", wherein the signals with linear orthogonal polarization to each other present at outputs of both summators (82, 90). 11. An antenna source of Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that comprises a polarizer (86) in the receiving channel for transforming signals with linear polarization into signals with circular polarization. 12. An antenna source of Claim 11, characterized in that the polarizer (86) comprises a coupling element of type 3db/90 degree , for example of type ''Piblet''. 13. An antenna source of Claim 12, characterized in that the coupling element 3db/90 degree comprises two wave guides (160, 162) with rectangular sections, input and output terminals of which are connected to the zone of junction (164) in the form of parallelepiped and the height of the zone is equal to a lesser face of the wave guide section, and the width is a double value of the largest face of the wave guide section wherein the wall of the ceiling (172) and/or flooring (170) of this zone of junction has a protrusion (174), oriented inside and elongated transversely in the direction "Y" of the wave propagation. 14. An antenna source of Claim 13, characterized in that the protrusion (174) has a base (176), occupying a considerable portion of the area of the corresponding wall (170) of the junction zone (164), while at its free end or top (178) its dimensions are much less. 15. An antenna source of Claim 11, characterized in that the top (178) of the protrusion (174) is in the central part in the junction zone (164). 16. An antenna source of Claims 13-15, characterized in that the protrusion is rigidly connected to the edges (180, 182, 186) oriented in the direction to input and output branches of both wave guides. 17. An antenna source of Claim 16, characterized in that the height of the edges is equal to the height of the protrusion. 18. An antenna source of Claims 16 or 17, characterized in that each edge penetrates into one branch of the wave guide and the height of an end penetrated into the branch diminishes progressively in the direction to the branch. 19. An antenna source of Claims 16-18, characterized in that oriented to the first wave guide (160) edges are connected to the top (178) of the protrusion by its first end (192), oriented to the first wave guide, wherein the edges, oriented to the input and output branches of the second wave guide (182) are connected to the top (178) of the edge (174) by the second end. 20. An antenna source of Claims 13-19, characterized in that in the zone of junction (164) of the coupling member regulating means (196, 200) of coupling are arranged between the output signals. 21. An antenna source of any one preceding Claim, characterized in that the polarizer (50) of "Septum" type is arranged in the emitting channel for transforming signals with linear polarization into signals with circular right and left polarization. 22. An antenna source of Claim 21, characterized in that the polarizer (50) comprises two input wave guides with semi-circular section (130, 132) connected to one output wave guide (134) of circular section, wherein the output wave guide (134) has, starting from the junction zone with the input wave guides, an axial separation wall (136), which terminates in the direction of the output (150) of the output wave guide (134) by the zone, where the height of the wall diminishes step-by-step (140, 142, 144, 146). 23. An antenna source of Claim 22, characterized in that a passing band of the polarizer is adjusted by a number of steps to the wall end. 24. An antenna source of Claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the steps have different length in the axial direction. 25. An antenna source of Claims 22-24, characterized in that the steps have different height in the radial direction. |
