ELECTRODE WITH IMPROVED DURABLE LENGTH OF TIME

摘要

A metal surface is now described having enhanced adhesion of subsequently applied coatings combined with excellent coating service life. The substrate metal of the article, such as a valve metal as represented by titanium, is provided with a highly desirable rough surface characteristic for subsequent coating application. This can be achieved by various operations including etching and melt spray application of metal or ceramic oxide to ensure a roughened surface morphology. Usually in subsequent operations a barrier layer is provided on the surface of enhanced morphology. This may be achieved by operations including heating, as well as including thermal decomposition of a layer precursor. Subsequent coatings provide enhanced lifetime even in the most rugged commercial environments.