| 摘要 |
<PICT:0379312/III/1> In apparatus for the production of esters, the liquor circulates upwards through the tubes 2 of a still 1 and downwards through an external limb 7 which is connected with the still by pipes 5, 6. The liquid level is indicated at 10. Volatile reactants are introduced into the limb 7; any non-volatile reactant may be introduced into the still. ALSO: <PICT:0379312/IV/1> In the continuous production of esters, particularly of alkyl nitrates, in the liquid phase, the reaction mixture is circulated upwards through a still and downwards through an external limb connected thereto, the volatile reactants being introduced into the external stream of liquor. Non-volatile reactants may be added to the still. In the apparatus shown, the liquor circulates upwards through the tubes 2 of a still 1, and downward through the limb 7 which is connected with the still by pipes 5, 6. The liquid level is indicated at 10. For the production of ethyl nitrate a mixture of alcohol with 33 per cent nitric acid containing an excess of urea is heated in the still, and p equivalent quantities of 70 per cent nitric acid and alcohol containing a little urea are separately introduced into the limb 7. A mixture of ethyl and methyl nitrates may be made similarly from the mixed alcohols. Bye-products are removed by a branch pipe 8.
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