| 摘要 |
Polymerization or copolymerization of alkenes and/or alkadienes and alkylation of an alkane, naphthene or aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkene are carried out in the presence of a solid, capillary-active hydrogen exchanging resin gel, which is stable under the reaction conditions, as catalyst. The reactions may take place in liquid or vapour phase and at elevated temperature and pressure, the upper limit of temperature being between 125 DEG and 225 DEG C., depending on the resin gel used. The catalysts are prepared by precipitating polyvalent phenols with aldehydes, e.g. formaldehyde, and may also contain sulphonic, carboxylic, phosphoric and phosphorous acid groups. Catalytically-active non-metals such as chlorine and flourine may also be included in the macromolecule. Activity is increased by a small proportion of water or water vapour on or near the surface of the catalyst. Specific reactions mentioned are polymerization and dimerization of isobutene, copolymerization of n-butene and isobutene to a branched octene, and the alkylation of isobutane with propene or butene, and of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene with higher alkenes or alkene polymers. In examples: (1) isobutane and n-butene were fed at 100 DEG C. and 5 atm. through a tube filled with hydrogen exchanging resin containing hydroxyl and sulphonic groups to give iso-octane; (2) n-butene and isobutene over the same catalyst at 80 DEG C. and 3 atm. gave iso-octene; (3) propene at 120 DEG C. and 11 atm. over a resin containing phenolic hydroxyl and phosphoric groups gave di-, tri- and tetra-mers of propene.ALSO:A solid, capillary active hydrogen-exchanging resin gel is used as catalyst in the polymerization or copolymerization of alkenes and/or alkadienes and alkylation of an alkane, naphthene or aromatic hydrocarbon with an alkene. The resin gels, which are of the phenolformaldehyde type, may also contain sulphonic, carboxylic, phosphoric and phosphorous acid groups. Catalytically active non-metals such as chlorine and fluorine may also be introduced by ion exchange with previously incorporated anion groups. |
