Systems and methods for rapidly changing the solution environment around sensors

摘要

The invention provides a substrate for altering the solution environment around a sensor, e.g., formed by a cell or a portion of a cell, and a system formed by the substrate and a sensor. The substrate comprises a chamber for receiving the sensor and a plurality of channels. Each channel comprises an outlet and delivers a substantially separate fluid stream to a sensor in the chamber. At least one channel is in communication with a reservoir, e.g., a buffer reservoir or a sample reservoir.