| 摘要 |
Saturated aliphatic aldehydes with 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the molecule are made by reacting olefinic hydrocarbons containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the molecule at raised temperatures and pressures with CO and H2 in the presence of aqueous cobalt salt solutions, the salt solution and liquid reaction products flowing upwardly through a vertical high pressure tube at 150-200 DEG C. and a pressure of at least about 200, preferably 300-700, atmospheres while continuously feeding aqueous cobalt salt solution at the bottom and withdrawing reaction mixture at the top of the tube, introducing the olefine and an excess of CO and H2 at the bottom of the tube and correlating the amount of cobalt salt solution, reaction temperature and pressure in such a manner that the liquid flowing through the tube constitutes a homogeneous mixture. The product leaving the reaction vessel is cooled, e.g. to 20 DEG C., released to about normal pressure, heated to at least 50 DEG C., preferably from 80-200 DEG C., eventually under pressure, and led, if desired with additional water, upwardly through a vertical vessel. Expulsion of CO may be effected by passing H2, N2 or CO2 through the solution. After about 10-60 minutes the product is free of cobalt compounds and on cooling an organic layer containing aldehydes separates from an aqueous cobalt layer which may be reused as catalyst. Catalysts are preferably salts of low molecular weight fatty acids particularly acetic and propionic acids. The aqueous catalyst solution may be acidified or buffered. In examples butyraldehyde and proprionaldehyde are obtained from propylene and ethylene respectively. Specification 631,316 is referred to. |
