| 摘要 |
<p num="1"><br/>A subsurface support is provided comprising a soil nail having an outer member <br/>and an inner <br/>member placed within the outer member. The soil nail includes features that <br/>maintain a uniform <br/>spaced relationship between the inner and outer members. The soil nail may be <br/>installed by drilling <br/>or launching through a launching device. The spaced relationship between the <br/>inner and outer <br/>members may be achieved by crimping the outer member, or by use of an insert <br/>installed between <br/>the inner and outer members. In other embodiments, the support is made of <br/>composite construction <br/>materials, and having a self-drilling capability. The soil nail has two <br/>primary members, namely, an <br/>outer threaded member, and an inner threaded member that is placed through the <br/>outer member The <br/>outer member is made from fiberglass, and a metallic drill bit is secured to a <br/>distal end of the soil <br/>nail. The inner member is preferably steel. The dual piece construction <br/>provides superior tensile <br/>and compressive strength, particularly for applications in which a coupler is <br/>used to join outer <br/>members to extend a length of the soil nail. A method is also provided to <br/>improve pull-out capacity <br/>by galvanizing the inner and outer members<br/>
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