| 摘要 |
Polymers of olefinic hydrocarbons are made by polymerizing the hydrocarbon in the presence of a calcined composite made from a major proportion by weight of a substantially anhydrous refractory oxide support of surface area more than 25 square metres per gram and a minor proportion by weight of sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid or ammonium or aluminium sulphide, sulphite, or sulphate. The hydrocarbon may be ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2 - butene, 2 - methyl - 1 - butene, 2 - methyl - 2-butene, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 3-pentene, 1,3-butadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,3 - butadiene, 1,3 - pentadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,3 - pentadiene, 1,4 - pentadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,4 - pentadiene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, or cycloheptene. The support may contain aluminas, silica, thoria, zirconia, or magnesia, and mixtures. The polymerization may be effected continuously or batchwise, and the hydrocarbons utilized in the form of a gaseous stream containing saturated hydrocarbons. The products are liquids.ALSO:Dimers, trimers &c. of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons are made by reacting the hydrocarbon with a catalyst consisting of a calcined composite made from a major proportion by weight of a substantially anhydrous refractory oxide support of surface area more than 25 square metres per gram and a minor proportion by weight of sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, or ammonium or aluminium sulphide, sulphite, or sulphate. Hydrocarbons mentioned are ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 2 - methyl - 1 - butene, 2 - methyl - 2-butene, 1 -, 2-, or 3 - pentene, 1,3 - butadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,3 - butadiene, 1,3 - pentadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,3 - pentadiene, 1,4 - pentadiene, 2 - methyl - 1,4 - pentadiene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, or cycloheptene. The oxide, support may consist of aluminas, silica, thoria, zirconia, magnesia, and mixtures. The examples describe the dimerization, trimerization &c. of isobutylene and propylene.ALSO:A catalyst for oligomerization consists of a calcined composite prepared from a major proportion by weight of a substantially anhydrous refractory oxide support having a surface area of more than 25 square metres per gram and a minor proportion by weight of sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, ammonium sulphide, ammonium sulphite, ammonium sulphate, aluminium sulphide, aluminium sulphite, or aluminium sulphate. The catalyst is preferably made by impregnating the oxide support, which has been rendered alkaline by treatment with ammonium hydroxide, with an aqueous solution of the sulphur compound, drying the support and calcining it in a stream of air. The support may be gamma-, eta-, or theta-alumina, silica, silica-alumina, silica-magnesia, alumina-silica-magnesia, alumina-thoria, or alumina-zirconia. |
