| 摘要 |
<p>#CMT# #/CMT# u A method (M1) for the production of particles of composite material (I) involves pulverising solid inorganic or organic particle agglomerates or aggregates (II) in the dry state (preferably as powder) in the gas phase or in a carrier gas and in presence of organic matrix particles (III) with the input of energy, and then dispersing the pulverised particles in the matrix particles, especially by deposition thereon and/or intercalation therein. #CMT# : #/CMT# u Independent claims are included for (1) particulate composite materials (I) obtained by this method (2) composite particles (I), preferably in the form of powder, comprising inorganic or organic particles with an average particle size (d50) of 1-500 nm, preferably dispersed in homogeneous and/or finely-divided form as above on and/or in organic matrix particles with a d50 of 0.1-500 microns (3) a method (M2) for the pulverisation of particle agglomerates or aggregates (II) and/or for the production of stable nano-particles, by pulverising solid powdered (II) with a d50 of 0.1-2000 microns as in M1 to give nano-particles with a d50 of less than 500 (preferably 1-500) nm . #CMT#USE : #/CMT# USE u Particulate composite materials obtained by this method are used in coating materials, varnish and paints of all types, especially coating powders, printing ink, paper coating materials and leather and textile colors, or in moulding materials, cosmetic preparations and plastics such as thermoplastics, duromers and elastomers, or in the form of masterbatches or base mixtures for incorporation in products, especially for the purpose of changing product properties, in all of which the composite particles are used in amounts of 0.1-10 (preferably 1-3) wt% based on the final product (claimed). #CMT#ADVANTAGE : #/CMT# ADVANTAGE u An efficient method for the problem-free production of composites in the form of particles comprising a discontinuous organic or inorganic phase dispersed in a continuous phase (e.g. organic polymer or oligomer). #CMT#POLYMERS : #/CMT# Preferred Method: The agglomerates (II) are reduced in size by a factor of at least 10, preferably by a factor of at least 1000. Energy input involves using impact and/or shear forces, preferably both, to achieve a total input of 10-10 6> (preferably 10 2>-10 5>) kJ. M1 is carried out as a fluidised bed process, and/or as dry dispersion in the solid phase; this may involve using a stator-rotor device (preferably with an impact plate to disintegrate the agglomerates (II)) at a circumferential rotor speed of 50-120 (preferably 70-100) m/s with a rotor diameter of 100-1000 mm; the total process time is 0.01-20 (preferably 1-3) minutes. The agglomerates (II) show a d50 of (a) more than 0.1 (preferably more than 0.5) microns and/or (b) 0.1-2000 (preferably 1-1000) microns. The pulverised particles show a d50 of less than 500 (preferably less than 100) microns, especially in the range 1-500 (preferably 20-100) nm (d50-A), and matrix particles (III) show a d50 of 0.1-500 (preferably 1-50) microns (d50-B); the ratio of (d50-B):(d50-A) = at least 10:1, preferably at least 20:1. The wt. ratio of (III) to pulverised particles dispersed in (III) = (99.9:0.1)-(30:70), preferably (80:20)-(50:50). The matrix (III) comprises meltable organic compounds, especially oligomers or polymers, preferably thermoplastic polymers, waxes, resins and/or other compounds with a melting point or range (T-m) above 0 (preferably 70-160) [deg]C, a glass transition point (Tg) above -60 (preferably -30 to 60) [deg]C and a weight-average mol. wt. above 300 (preferably 500-10000) g/mol. Matrix particles (III) are plastically deformable under process conditions, at least at the surface and preferably throughout. The process is carried out at a temperature below T-m and/or above Tg and/or above the melting point of (II), especially in the range 0-80 (preferably 15-35) [deg]C. Preferred (II) are inorganically-based agglomerates or aggregates, especially metals, metalloids and their oxides, hydroxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, tellurides, selenides, halides, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, silicates, borates or aluminates, mixtures of these and mixed compounds or alloys of different metals and/or metalloids. #CMT#EXAMPLE : #/CMT# EXAMPLE u A mixture of Ceraflour 988 (RTM: wax) with 50 wt% Nanodur (RTM: aluminum oxide) was dispersed for 1 minute at 6000 r.p.m. in a stator/rotor machine ( Nara Type NHS-1 (RTM)) to form a nano-composite (T-23). A solvent-free UV-curable system was obtained by mixing 57.3 parts by weight (pts. wt.) Laromer LR 8986 (RTM: aromatic epoxy resin) with 28.7 pts. wt. dipropylene glycol diacrylate, 4 pts. wt. Irgacure 500 (RTM: photoinitiator), 4 pts. wt. T-23 and 6 pts. wt. tripropylene glycol diacrylate. This mixture was coated onto a black acrylic plate and cured under UV light at 2 x 120 W/cm and 5 m/min. Abrasion tests involving 10 double strokes with steel wool (grades 00/0000) gave test ratings of 1-2/2 compared with 2-3/2-3 if T-23 was replaced by Ceraflour 988 (RTM); rating scale: 1 = good (no scratches); 5 = poor (badly scratched). Control samples (no T-23 or wax) gave values of 5/5.</p> |
