| 摘要 |
Potassium metaphosphate, (KPO3)n, is prepared from phosphoric acid and potassium chloride by reacting these compounds on the surface of a fused salt bath, consisting essentially of the final product of the reaction, which is maintained near its melting point by means of heat supplied partly externally to the bath and partly within the bath. KCl and phosphoric acid of P2O5 content desirably more than 25% are fed in substantially equimolar proportions on to a liquid (KPO3)n bath, contained in a tank furnace lined with refractory material and insulated only on the walls in direct contact with the bath. External heating may be supplied by a burner placed between the bath surface and furnace roof and/or by a radiant heating roof. Internal heating, provided by applying a voltage between graphite electrodes preferably totally immersed in the bath, comprises, e.g., 5 to 50% of the heat required to maintain the bath temperature between, say, 560 DEG to 850 DEG C. The molten (KPO3)n produced leaves the tank by overflow and a water-soluble product is obtained by strong cooling, e.g. on a water-cooled metal belt-conveyer or rotary drum. The solid (KPO3)n is then ground and screened. Other cooling procedures include feeding the molten product on to a spraying apparatus whereby cooling and granulating are effected together. The gases leaving the furnace, containing HCl, may be passed into heat exchangers, the heat recovered being used to preheat the combustion air of the burner, and thence to a conventional absorption device for obtaining aqueous HCl. An excess of KCl may be used to obtain a (KPO3)n/KCl fertilizer and sulphuric acid may be incorporated with the reactants to yield a K2SO4-containing product. The melting temperature of the (KPO3)n bath may be lowered, e.g. by metal oxide impurities present in the phosphoric acid used or by addition of compounds such as K2SO4, metal oxides and metal salts. |
