BATHS, SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR ELECTROPLATING ZINC-NICKEL TERNARY AND HIGHER ALLOYS AND ARTICLES SO ELECTROPLATED

摘要

An electroplating bath, a system, a process for, and the article obtained from, depositing a zinc-nickel ternary or higher alloy, a) zinc ions; b) nickel ions; and c) one or more ionic species selected from ions of Te<+4>, Bi<+3> and Sb<+3>, and in some embodiments, further including one or more additional ionic species selected from ions of Bi<+3>, Sb<+3>, Ag<+1>, Cd<+2>, Co<+2>, Cr<+3>, Cu<+2>, Fe<+2>, In<+3>, Mn<+2>, Mo<+6>, P<+3>, Sn<+2> and W<+6>. In some embodiments, the system includes a divider (116, 216, 316, 416) forming a cathodic chamber (114, 214, 314, 414) and an anodic chamber (112, 212, 412), with the electroplating bath in the cathodic chamber (114, 214, 314, 414) only. In various embodiments, the zinc-nickel ternary and higher alloys may provide improved properties to the conductive substrates upon which the alloys are deposited.