| 摘要 |
1,087,433. Fuel elements. REACTOR CENTRUM NEDERLAND (STICHTING). Jan. 22, 1965 [Feb. 21, 1964], No. 2990/65. Heading G6C. A fuel element for a nuclear reactor includes at least one poison plate comprising discrete particles of a burnable poison embedded in a non-fissile carrier material. The particles which may, for instance, be composed of dysprosium, europium or a compound of one of these metals, should preferably have a particle size of 150 to 200 microns. The carrier material may, for example, be iron, an iron alloy such as stainless steel, zirconium, a zirconium compound, graphite, alumina or silica. The fuel element may comprise a plurality of fuel plates and poison plates stacked face to face, each poison plate being spaced apart from the next by one or more fuel pellets. Apertures may be provided in the plates and by varying the number or size of these it is possible to alter the amount of poison and hence the flux distribution locally in the reactor core. It is also possible by positioning the apertures eccentrically with respect to the central axes of the plates and by a suitable directioning of these apertures to exert an influence on the flux distribution locally in the core. Furthermore, the poison particles may be unequally distributed across the carrier plates, the concentration being for example greater at the outer periphery than at the inner periphery of each plate. The carrier plates may be partially or completely covered with a magnetic material, e.g. iron, or cores of magnetic material may be inserted in the apertures, this being of advantage in the removal of the plates during the processing of a spent fuel element, an electromagnet being used to extract the plates when the fuel element has been opened. In a particular fuel element, poison plates and fuel pellets are stacked alternately within jackets to form fuel elements which are supported within sheaths 13 to form clustertype fuel element assemblies. A reactor comprising such fuel element assemblies 16 is shown in cross-section in Fig. 14, control rods, e.g. 17, 22, being located in spaces between the fuel element assemblies. Referring to the control rod 22, the fuel elements 23 of the surrounding fuel element assemblies 16 which are located close to the control rod incorporate poison plates, the other fuel elements (not shown) not being provided with [poison plates. The effect of this arrangement, which counteracts " fluxpeaking " may be further intensified by making use of poison plates having eccentrically positioned apertures and mounting these plates in the reactor in such a way that the apertures are disposed towards the edges of the plates remote from the adjacent control rod surface. |
