| 摘要 |
<p>965,403. Nuclear reactors. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. July 23,1963 [Aug. 7, 1962], No. 29146/63. Heading G6C. Apparatus for extinguishing a chemical reaction in a nuclear reactor channel comprises a magazine for storage of a non-combustible material in divided form, connecting line means selectively operable to connect the magazine with a selected reactor channel, means for feeding said material from the magazine through the connecting line means to the selected channel, and means for retaining within the channel the material fed to it. The non-combustible material is in the form of solid particles such as grains or balls, and may comprise steel shot of a few millimeters diameter-the material is stored in a magazine 18, Fig. 2, which can communicate with feed hopper 20 through a gate valve 20. Gas-tight valves 24 and 28 allow the material to fan into chambers 26 and 30 which are respectively maintained at and above the pressure in the reactor vessel by means of gas conduits 32 and 34 and valves 33 and 35. The lower end of injector hopper 30 is provided with a feeder member 40 in the form of a rotating grooved pulley and is connected to the upper end of a tube 37 adapted to be connected to any selected reactor channel in a gas-tight manner, In the arrangement shown the tube 37 is extended by a director tube 38 movable within a scaled enclosure and adapted to be connected to any one of a number of tubes 44 connected to the coolant sampling tubes 12 of the reactor. A T-junction 46 in each tube 44 allows coolant gas to flow from the sampling tube 12 to monitoring apparatus 50. Each tube 12 communicates with a fuel channel and is preferably coiled tangentially around the channel and opens into the channel through an elongated port. When a fire (or abnormal chemical reaction) is detected the reactor is shut down and the coolant gas circulation rate is preferably reduced. A change of shot is then introduced into the affected channel and collects in a basket provided in the lower end of the channel. This retards the flow of gas through the channel and may be sufficient to check combustion. If the introduction of shot is continued, the height of the change of shot in the channel rises until it reaches the combustion zone. The mass of shot then asserts convection flow of gas around the fuel elements, cools the contents of the channel due to its high thermal inertia, and improves heat exchange by conduction through the mass of shot from the fuel elements to the sides of the channel. The mass of shot traps dangerous debris, facilitating subsequent decontamination,and retains fission products; the surface of the shot may be oxidised to facilitate bonding of fission products on it, and the shot may contain neutron absorbing material. After the depth of shot has reached a sufficient level the general circulation of coolant at normal rate may be resumed in order to cool down the core as a whole. Specification 869,539 is referred to.</p> |
