| 摘要 |
1,175,906. Gas analysis. R. F. BORKENSTEIN. Sept.12, 1967 [Dec.5, 1966], No.41597/67. Heading G1B. Apparatus for use in the determination of alcohol in alveolar air, in which a sample of the air has previously been blown through a tube 11 containing calcium chloride on which any alcohol present will be absorbed, comprises a body 84 e.g. of aluminium and containing a heater 87 and thermostat 88, a thermometer 116 and a bore 89 for receiving a tube 11, an inlet pipe 94 leading into the bore 89 so that air from a pump, not shown, may be blown through the tube at a temperature of between 150 and 160‹ C. as maintained by the heater 87, whereby all the alcohol will be desorbed from the calcium chloride, the air leaving by way of a pipe 101 leading to a discharge fitting 111, the open end of which is disposed below the level of potassium dichromate solution in an ampoule 112, the colour change of this solution being estimated to determine the alcohol present in the air flow therethrough. The operation of the pump is controlled by a timer e.g. the pump may run for 3 to 4 minutes, and the electrical circuit is such that when the pump is not running, a solenoid operated valve connected to a vent tube 114 is open, so that the solution in the ampoule may rise to the same level inside and outside the fitting 111 to prevent interference with the colour change estimation. Also described is an apparatus by means of which a sample of alveolar air may be taken and this comprises a mouth-piece connected to a T-piece, one branch of which leads to an inextensible bag or air vent and the other to a syringe containing a glass piston moving between limit stops to measure the air volume, or tube 11 for absorption of alcohol being connected in the line to the syringe. In use a subject blows through the mouth-piece and the quantity of air first exhaled either fills the inextensible bag or is allowed to escape to atmosphere. When the bag is full, or after closure of the vent, breath from the lungs passes through the tube 11 and forces back the glass piston until it has moved between its two limit positions, whereby the desired volume of air has been blown through the tube 11. Samples collected in this way may be stored and subsequently analyzed using the apparatus described above. If desired the alcohol desorbed from a tube 11 may be estimated using gas chromatography in place of the ampoule 112. The tube 11 contains a coloumn of calcium chloride held in place by plugs of glass wool and stainless steel mesh. Silica gel, porous glass, activated charcoal or molecular sieves may be used in place of the calcium chloride. Also described in the Specification are "known" processes whereby a breath sample from a balloon is passed through a magnesium perchlorate tube for adsorption of water and alcohol, and through an ascarite tube for adsorping carbon dioxide. The alcohol is determined by distillation of the water and alcohol and the carbon dioxide by weighing the ascarite tube. By comparison the percentage of alcohol in the breath sample can be determined. Also described is a "known" process by which a breath sample is passed through iodine pentoxide for release of a proportional amount of free iodine this being determined by bubbling through starch solution. |
