| 摘要 |
This invention comprises a method of achieving a highly efficient use of catalyst in conducting hydrogenation reactions of hydrocarbons in the liquid state by means of solid catalysts. The catalyst is wholly contained in a microporous layer no thicker than 200 microns deposited on the outside surface of otherwise inert support particles. The catalyst particles, of the order of 10 mm diameter, are contained in a fixed, vertical, packed bed, and are brought into contact with the liquid hydrocarbon and hydrogen by passing the two fluids in cocurrent flow, either upwards or downwards, through the bed at substantially greater gas velocities than are usually employed in fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The effect of the high gas velocity is to achieve substantially higher heat and mass transfer rates among the three phases (catalyst, liquid hydrocarbon, and gaseous hydrogen) than are achievable under conventional conditions of operation of fixed bed catalytic reactors used for hydrogenating hydrocarbons in the liquid state. The combined effects of the high gas velocity and the mode of deposition of the catalytically active components on the catalyst support, are the achievement of a large global reaction rate in the reactor, combined with a high internal effectiveness factor for the catalyst. For fast hydrogenation reactions, for which the invention is most advantageously employed, a comparable efficiency of catalyst utilization can at present be achieved only by using catalyst in the form of powder or granules so small as to preclude their use in a fixed bed reactor.
|
