| 摘要 |
991,183. Collagen food casings; sausages. JOHNSON & JOHNSON. Jan. 16, 1962 [Jan. 16, 1961], No. 1554/62. Headings A2B and A2D. [Also in Divisions B5 and C3] An edible hyaloid or translucent food casing comprises cohered collagen fibrils and substantially no collagen fibres. The food casing may also comprise dispersed droplets of fat and, if desired, 10 to 20% by weight of cellulosic fibres such as wood fibres. The casing may be tubular and may be shirred. It may be filled with sausage meat to yield sausages. Alternatively, the casing may be in the form of a sheet or film, In producing tubular food casings according to the invention, comminuted hide, e.g. unlimed cow hide, is made to swell in an aqueous solution of a non-toxic acid, such as lactic acid, until the sheaths surrounding the collagen fibrils are ruptured and swollen collagen fibrils are liberated. The amount of collagen tissue dry solids in the non-toxic aqueous acid may range between 2.5 and 6% by weight. A pump 91, Fig. 1, forces the resulting slurry of collagen fibrils through a filter 93 and an extruder 90, from which the extruded casing is passed upwardly through a vertical column 95 containing a strong coagulating solution, e.g. a 42% solution of ammonium sulphate in water maintained at a temperature below 25‹C. and pH7 by adding ammonium hydroxide. The casing is pulled out of the column by a rotating roller 87 and perforated, e.g. at 2 inch intervals, by needles 30 on a rotating wheel 31, and is then passed through a similar strong coagulating solution in a tank 88. The strong ammonium sulphate solutions render the collagen fibrils unswollen. The casing is next passed through a more dilute, e.g. 4 to 10%, solution of ammonium sulphate in a tank 103 and then through a hardening solution, e.g. an aqueous solution containing 12%, by weight, of ammonium alum, 8% of ammonium sulphate and 2.8% of citric acid maintained at pH4.3, in a tank 21, Fig. 2. The hardened casing is passed through washing water in compartments 105, 106 and 107 of a tank 104 and through a plasticizing solution, e.g. a 6% solution of glycerine in water, in an adjoining tank 109. The plasticized casing passes, between rollers 116, into a drying chamber 115 and emerges therefrom, between rollers 117, to be wound on a take-up reel 124. In the drying chamber, the casing is dried in warm air, e.g. at 60 to 70‹C., supplied through a pipe 118 and the part of the perforated casing between the rollers 116 and 117 is kept inflated with air. The casing may be cured at 80‹C. and 20-30% relative humidity for 24 hours, re-humidified in air at room temperature and humidity, e.g. 75% relative humidity, and packed in hermetically sealed containers made of metal or other serviceable foil. If a small amount of formaldehyde is added to the hardening or plasticizing solutions, the heat-curing treatment may be omitted. Carboxymethyl cellulose and/or egg white may be added to the glycerine used for plasticizing the casing. |
