| 摘要 |
Process for the complete conversion of heavy oils into distillates, such as the vacuum residues of heavy crude oils, characterized by the simultaneous use of two separate modes of extraction of the conversion products. Alongside the current mode of recovery of the conversion products, based on the treatment of the effluent of the top zone of the reaction, a second mode is added, based on the direct extraction of liquid from the reaction zone, degassing such liquid at the same pressure as the reactor and subjecting it to vacuum extraction. The vacuum residue is recycled in the reaction. The double mode of extraction allows greatly increasing the capacity of the reactor. |
| 主权项 |
1. High-output process for the complete conversion of heavy liquid hydrocarbon charge stocks, in an upflow reactor of bubble column type, at an operating temperature comprised between 380° C. and 440° C. and at an operating pressure comprised between 10 and 20 MPa, said process comprising the steps of:
feeding to the reactor said hydrocarbon charge stock to be converted, distributing, to the base of the reactor, a flow of gas comprising hydrogen, feeding a hydroconversion catalyst to the reactor, such catalyst uniformly dispersible in the charge stock to be converted, a bubbling zone being created inside the reactor due to the ascent, over the entire height of the liquid present in the reactor, of bubbles of said gas comprising hydrogen, said reaction liquid containing conversion products in liquid phase, including high-boiling conversion products, a mixture comprising said reaction liquid and said gas bubbles being present at the bubbling zone, a two-phase flow being created inside the reactor at the separation of said gas bubbles from said reaction liquid at the end of the bubbling zone towards the top of the reactor, said two-phase flow comprising gaseous hydrogen, conversion products in gaseous phase and carryover of said reaction liquid containing conversion products in liquid phase, including the high-boiling conversion products, said distribution to the base of the reactor of said gas flow comprising hydrogen ensuring the remixing and uniformity of said reaction liquid, extracting said two-phase flow from the top of the reactor, sending said two-phase flow to a phase separator in order to recover, at the head of the separator, said conversion products in gaseous phase and said gas comprising hydrogen, and in order to recover, at the bottom of the separator, a liquid phase comprising said high-boiling conversion products, feeding said recovered gas comprising hydrogen to the reactor,said process being characterized in that it comprises the further steps of:
drawing from the bubbling zone said mixture comprising said reaction liquid and said gas bubbles, degassing said mixture at the operating pressure of the reactor, said reaction liquid resulting from the degassing of the mixture, subjecting to distillation, with final vacuum stage, said reaction liquid for the recovery of said high-boiling conversion products therefrom, feeding to the reactor the residue of said distillation with final vacuum stage, in order to complete the conversion thereof and maintain the liquid filling level of the reactor. |
