| 摘要 |
A solid propellent comprises a solid oxidant, a rubbery copolymer of a conjugated diene and a heterocyclic vinyl or isopropenyl substituted nitrogen base, and, as a combined burning rate catalyst and curing agent, ammonium dichromate or a complex metal cyanide. Oxidants specified are ammonium nitrate, ammonium perchlorate, sodium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, lithium chlorate, calcium nitrate, barium perchlorate, and strontium chlorate; the oxidant may comprise 50-90% by weight of the total mixture. The conjugated diene used in producing the copolymer is preferably 1,3-butadiene but other dienes containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms are specified, e.g. isoprene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, and methoxy, ethoxy, and cyano derivatives. The substituted nitrogen base is preferably of the pyridine, quinoline, or isoquinoline series; other substituents in addition to the vinyl or isopropenyl group include alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryloxy, aryl, haloalkyl, alkylaryl, and hydroxyaryl groups; many of such compounds are listed, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine being used in the examples. The preferred complex metal cyanide is Milori blue, but other ferrocyanides of iron, nickel and copper are referred to. Zinc oxide or magnesium oxide may be present as an additional curing agent. A quaternizing agent, e.g. a halogen-substituted alkane, alkyl sulphate, or substituted aromatic compound, may also be included. Powdered sodium borohydride, zirconium, zirconium hydride, zirconium carbide, titanium, or cerium may be added to increase the burning rate. The composition may include sulphur as a vulcanizing agent, together with a vulcanization accelerator and activator. Other ingredients are reinforcing agents, e.g. carbon black, wood flour, lignin and divinylbenzene resins, rubber plasticizers, wetting agents, and antioxidants. The ingredients are mixed on a roll mill or in a blade mixer and then rocket grains are formed by compression moulding, injection moulding, or extrusion, curing taking place at 70-250 DEG C. for 3 hours to 14 days.
|
