| 摘要 |
538,225. Hydrocarbons; catalysts. POTTS, H. E. (Naamlooze Vennootschap Internationale Koolwaterstoffen Synthese Maatschappij (International Hydrocarbon Synthesis Co.)). Nov. 6, 1939, No. 29430. [Class 2 (iii)] [Also in Group III] An iron catalyst for use in the preparation of hydrocarbons from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen or the high pressure hydrogenation of oils in the liquid phase is made by treating compact iron (i.e. iron in the form of pieces of which two dimensions are at least 2 mm. and 1 mm. respectively) with oxidizing gases at high temperatures, e.g. 700-900‹C., and for such a long time that the iron is completely converted into iron oxide without melting the iron or the iron oxide formed, and subsequently reducing the iron oxide to metal by treatment with reducing gases. The catalyst may be prepared from sheet iron in the form of hollow bodies, e.g. Raschig rings. The activity of the catalysts may be increased by additions of alkali metal compounds, e.g. halides, phosphates or borates of potassium, sodium, lithium or caesium. These may be added in the dry state or as aqueous solutions before, during or after the treatment with reducing gases. The activity of the catalysts may be further increased by addition of aluminium oxide or hydroxide, silica, or oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or halogenides of copper, titanium, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, thorium, cerium, zirconium or other rare earths. In an example, Raschig rings of 10 mm. diameter, made of sheet iron of 1.5 mm. thickness, are treated with air at 700‹C. until completely oxidized, reduced by means of hydrogen at 600‹C. and subsequently treated with borax solution. Water gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen in volumetric proportions of 4: 5 is passed over the catalyst at 320‹ C. and under a pressure of 20 atmospheres in a circulation process as described in Specification 518,372. A mixture of hydrocarbons within the boiling range of benzine is obtained. |
