| 摘要 |
A start-up procedure for use in a high severity hydrodesulphurization process, which process comprises hydrodesulphurizing a residual-containing hydrocarbon feed which is composed substantially of hydrocarbons boiling above 482 DEG C. and which contains a substantial quantity of asphaltic materials utilizing a catalyst comprising a metalliferous hydrogenating component composited with a support, the metalliferous hydrogenating component being in substantially sulphided form during the major portion of the hydrodesulphurization process, the hydrodesulphurization process being conducted so as to remove at least 70% of the sulphur contained in the residual hydrocarbon feed with a hydrogen consumption from 1 to 5 molecular weights of hydrogen per atomic weight of sulphur removed and at a temperature up to 454 DEG C., is characterized by initially contacting a hydrocarbon which is substantially free of asphaltic materials with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst comprising a metalliferous hydrogenating component composited with a support at a temperature from 121 DEG to 260 DEG C., a hydrogen partial pressure from 52.5 to 350 kg./cm.2 and at a space velocity from 0.1 to 10.0 volumes of the asphaltic-free hydrocarbon per hour per volume of catalyst, gradually increasing the temperature until a temperature in the range from 316 DEG to 371 DEG C. is attained, discontinuing contacting of the asphaltic-free hydrocarbon and commencing contacting of the asphaltic-containing residual hydrocarbon at substantially the same pressure and space velocity employed during contacting of the asphaltic-free hydrocarbon. The charge stock may be one of which 40% or more boils above 482 DEG C. It may contain 10% by volume of asphaltenes. The asphaltic-free hydrocarbon may be a propane deasphalted residuum, a vacuum distillate boiling up to 593 DEG C., a gas oil, furnace oil, naphtha or gasoline. It may also contain up to 4% by weight of sulphur. The process may be commenced with the catalyst in a substantially unsulphided state, for example, in a partially sulphided state or in the oxide state, and the sulphiding effected by the sulphur-containing asphaltic-free hydrocarbon. Additional sulphur in the form of mercaptans or sulphides may be added to the asphaltic-free hydrocarbon. The catalyst used in specific examples comprises nickel, cobalt and molybdenum supported on alumina. The examples demonstrate the longer catalyst life obtainable with the process of the invention. |
