Long lasting high current density charging & discharging, temperature-resistant batteries and related methods

摘要

Secondary batteries are disclosed, which comprise a separator of dielectric material permeable to ion flow in combination with aligned Carbon or Zirconium nanotubes extending between an anode and a cathode comprised of Zirconium and aligned nanotubes and having high surface areas, and one or two electrolytes comprising Bismuth in colloidal suspension and when two are used they are confined to two independent chambers to prevent comingling.