| 摘要 |
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a toner excellent in various properties such as charging property and transferability, giving high image quality and having excellent cleaning property, a developer using the toner and capable of enhancing image quality, a container containing such a toner, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus and an image forming method. SOLUTION: With respect to a root mean square (RMS) of surface roughness of the toner calculated by numerical expression 1 at the time of measuring a range twoμm square including at least a toner vertex on a surface of one toner particle in measurement of one place with an atomic force microscope (AFM), difference (ΔRMS) between the two extreme values of the above root mean square (RMS) in measurement of 50 places is 100-600. In the expression, (x<SB>i</SB>-x) represents difference between mean value and measured value of surface roughness, and N represents the number of measurements per one place and is 256≤N≤262,144. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI |
