POLYMER SOLUTION

摘要

1285197 Liquid hydrocarbon fuels IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 2 Oct 1970 [10 Oct 1969] 49834/69 Heading C5G The tendency of hydrocarbon fuels of flash point at least 90‹ F. and suitable for aircraft gas turbines to particulate dissemination on shock is reduced by the presence, in solution in the fuel, of polymer of viscosity average molecular weight greater than 106 or of intrinsic viscosity greater than 2À5 dls./gm in a concentration such that there is molecular overlap of the polymer molecules in the liquid; the polymer containing polar groups which form inter-molecular associative bonds arising from electrostatic attraction between polar and/or dipolar charges in the polar groups and the energy of the bonds being at least that corresponding to the energy of hydrogen bonds formed in the liquid hydrocarbon fuel between -OH groups of ROH reacting with -O- groups of ROR1 (where R and R1 are alkyl) but less than that of a typical C-C co-valent bond. Suitable polymers are free radical addition or condensation polymers and contain at least 10 polar groups per molecule of polymer and are used in an amount to provide 10-7-10-4 gm moles of polar groups per gram of fuel. In the examples the polymers used are copolymers of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate with acrylic acid, acrylonitrile or hydroxyethyl methacrylate; of C 12-14 alkyl methacrylate, vinyl octoate or vinyl isobutylene ether with acrylic acid; polystyrene of molecular weight 2 x 106 alkylated with octene-1 and then treated with oleum to introduce sulphonic acid groups into the polymer and which can be converted to the sodium salt by treatment with sodium methoxide; copolymer of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate with vinyl pyridine which can be used together with acid-containing polymer solutions or heated with propane sultone, #-propiolactone, or benzyl chloride; copolymer of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate and vinyl chlor-acetate which can be heated with triethylamine; or copolymer of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate and glycidyl acrylate which is reacted with sulphuric or phosphoric acid, and then with calcium octoates to produce the calcium salt.