| 摘要 |
<p>A composition suitable for treating synthetic filaments prior to stretching comprises an aqueous emulsion containing a lubricating oil, a wax and one or more emulsifying agents. The lubricating oil may be a vegetable oil, a fish oil, a mineral oil having a viscosity varying between the kerosenes and heavy motor oils, examples being given, or a synthetic lubricant, e.g. polyalkylene glycols, esters formed from fatty acids containing 1-12 carbon atoms and alcohols containing 1-12 carbon atoms and phosphoric acid derivatives, many being exemplified, including tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphite. The wax may be oxidized or non-oxidized, suitable waxes being mentioned, polymers of ethylene oxide, terphenyls and polyalkylene hydrocarbons. Suitable emulsifying agents are amine soaps, and polyoxyethylene ethers of a fatty alcohol or thiol containing 12-40 carbon atoms and polyoxyethylene esters of a fatty acid containing 12-40 carbon atoms containing 2-30 ethylene oxide units.ALSO:Filaments formed from synthetic linear polymers are impregnated with a wax-containing aqueous emulsion and are then stretched to impart to them molecular orientation. The wax may be oxidized or non-oxidized and preferably has a melting point of 50 DEG -140 DEG C. and a penetration at 77 DEG F. of 1-10 and in the case of an oxidized wax an acid number of 10-50 and a saponification number of 30-100. Suitable waxes are Sapon wax, ceresin, carnauba, candellila, ozocerite, montan wax, paraffin wax, microcrystalline waxes and synthetic waxes, e.g. phthalimides, polymers of ethylene oxide, terphenyls and polyalkylenehydrocarbons. The wax may be emulsified with an amine soap derived from a fatty acid containing at least 8 carbon atoms and a water-soluble aliphatic amine which may be prepared in advance or in situ. The emulsion may also contain a nononic surface-active agent, e.g. a polyoxyethylene ether of a fatty alcohol or thiol containing 12-40 carbon atoms or a polyoxyethylene ester of a fatty acid containing 12-40 carbon atoms containing 2-30 ethylene oxide units, and a lubricating oil, e.g. vegetable oils such as linseed, soybean, corn, peanut, castor, rapeseed and olive oils, fish oils such as menhaden whale and sperm oils, mineral oils having viscosities varying between the kerosenes and heavy motor oils and synthetic lubricants such as polyalkylene glycols, esters formed from fatty acids containing 1-22 carbon atoms and alcohols containing 1-12 carbon atoms and phosphoric acid derivatives, e.g. triethyl, tributyl, triphenyl, tri-(2-ethylhexyl), tributoxy ethyl, tricresyl, cresyl diphenyl, tri-dimethyl phenyl, diphenyl mono-oxenyl and tri-p-tert butyl phenyl phosphates, diethyl ethyl, dibutyl butyl and bis(2-ethylhexyl) 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonates and tris (2-chloroethyl)phosphite. The emulsion may contain up to 30% by weight solids containing 10-90% by weight of wax, 10-90% by weight of emulsifying agent and up to 80% by weight of lubricating oil and may be applied to the filaments in an amount such that 0,1-2% by weight of solids is deposited on the filaments. The filaments may be stretched by cold or hot drawing operations. Specified filaments are polyamides, polyesters, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinylidine and styrene polymers, polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile, polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyvinyl alcohol. The filaments may be used for making supporting cables, fish nets, rope, reinforcement cords for rubber structures such as pneumatic tires, conveyer belts, power transmission belts, steam hose and other cabled structures. Tire cords are preferably treated with a resorcin-formaldehyde latex prior to incorporation in the rubber tire to improve adhesion.</p> |
