| 摘要 |
Organic isocyanates, urethanes or ureas are produced in an electrolytic cell by electrolyzing a solution free from interfering anions and comprising: an ionizable cyanate or isocyanate, e.g. of an alkali or alkaline earth metal or a lower tetra-alkyl ammonium ion having at most 20 C atoms; and at least one of those aromatic compounds containing at least one replaceable H atom, e.g. benzene or naphthalene or a mono or dialkyl derivative thereof, thiophene, pyrole, furan or ferrocene, and/or the olefinic compounds, e.g. an olefine having 2 - 8 C atoms or a diolefine having 4 or 5 C atoms; and, when a urethane, an alcohol or phenol, or, when a urea is desired, a primary or secondary amine. Preferably a stable solvent, e.g. an ether, a nitrile or nitro-methane, is present at the anode. The organic isocyanate may be recovered by cracking the urethane or urea formed. To prevent organic isocyanate from contacting the cathode, the cell is preferably divided into anode and cathode compartments by an anion selective membrane, e.g. an anion exchange resin of the quaternary ammonium type; the above solution is then the anolyte, and the catholyte may comprise urea and a phenol or alcohol and a cyanate or isocyanate of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and/or Al. In the anolyte, isocyanates of Al, B, Fe, Ag, Cd, Au or Pt group metals may be used. Preferably a Pt anode and Ag gauze cathode are used, and the catholyte is stirred by a stream of argon. |
