| 摘要 |
335,551. Elkington, H. D., (Naamlooze Vennootschap de Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij). May 23, 1929. Alcohols are produced by hydrating olefines (including olefines containing two or more double bonds) in the vapour phase in presence of a metal of the platinum group, gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum or manganese, or salts or compounds thereof. The most suitable compounds are those which during the reaction yield the metals, such as oxalates, carbonyls, and the like, but metal salts of weak acids falling within the above definition, such as bismuth vanadate, copper vanadate, and copper phosphate may also be used. Mixtures are also suitable, such as tungstic acid with iron, iron oxide, platinum, gold, copper, or tantalum, or with bismuth vanadate for the hydration of ethylene and a mixture of copper oxide with tungstic acid or copper vanadate for the hydration of propylene. The catalysts may be supported on carriers such as silica gel, active carbon, and pumice, and small quantities of promoters may be added. In the examples ethylene and steam are passed over (1) platinum on pumice at 150‹ C.; (2) copper phosphate mixed to a paste with water and then mixed with grains of porous stone, slowly dried, and then further dried in a tube at 150‹ C.; this catalyst being used at 155‹ C.; (3) tungstic acid and ferric oxide on silica gel reduced with hydrogen at 450‹ C., this catalyst being used at 300‹ C.; (4) propylene and steam are passed at 300‹ C. over tungstic acid and copper oxide on active carbon. The gas velocities mentioned are 2.5 and 6.7 c.c. per hour per c.c. of catalyst. Ordinary or raised pressure may be employed.
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